Rheumatoid Arthritis Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic syndrome that is characterized by inflammation of the peripheral joints, but it may also involve the lungs, heart, blood vessels, and eyes. The prevalence of this autoimmune disease is between 0.3% to 1.5% of the population in the United States (Feinberg, pp 815). It affects women two to three times more often than men, and the onset of RA is usually between 25 and 50 years of age, but it can occur at any age (Reed, pp 584). RA can be diagnosed by establishing the presence of persistent joint pain, swelling in a symmetric distribution, and prolonged morning stiffness. RA usually affects multiple joints, such as the hands, wrists, knees, elbows, feet, shoulders, hips, and small hand joints. RA is usually characterized by the inflammation of the synovium, which lines the joints and tendon sheaths of the body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The etiology of this disease is unknown. There are multiple factors involved in this disease, including autoimmune reactions and environmental factors. There is also a genetic predisposition that has been identified that can be related to the cause of RA. Rheumatoid arthritis develops as a result of an interaction of many factors. Much research is going on now to understand these factors and how they work together. Rheumatoid arthritis is one of several "autoimmune" diseases because a person's immune system attacks his or her own body tissues (Gordon, pp 16). A feature of rheumatoid arthritis is that it varies a lot from person to person. For some people, it lasts only a few months or a year or two and goes away without causing any noticeable damage. Other people have mild or moderate disease, with periods of worsening symptoms, called flares, and periods in which they feel better, called remissions. Still others have severe disease that is active most of the time , lasts for many years, and leads to serious joint damage and disability. Rheumatoid arthritis occurs in all races and ethnic groups. Although the disease often begins in middle age and occurs with increased frequency in older people, children and young adults also develop it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association developed seven criteria to define RA. First, morning stiffness in and around joints lasting at least one hour before improvement. Second, there is arthritis of three or more joint areas. Third, there is swelling of at least one ... ...person's tension can be released in more positive ways rather in a harmful manner towards himself/herself or towards others. The OT may also promote the person to participate in more social activities to get him or her to feel more competent and increase one's self-esteem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Persons with arthritis often do not comply with treatment and management routines, so the Occupational therapist may need to provide him or her with good learning or teaching techniques. The OT must also share with the patient the expectations about treatment and management, encourage personal responsibility for his or her care, and maintain a relaxed environment to encourage communication with other professionals and loved ones. The OT must also be cautious of any other health concerns that may arise due to the progression of the illness or even side effects from the medications. There are so many affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis and it is a growing illness that has been seen across the United States. In the future of medicine, more and more research will be done to find the cure to this illness, but for now, such treatment like Occupational therapy will further advance the lives of those living with RA.

Econ 7002 Tutorial 1

ECON 7002: Semester 1 2012 Tutorial Topic 1 Tutorial Topic 1 CHAPTER 1 Practise Economics: Question 2: In light of your answer to question 1, provide some explanations for the apparent differences in the relative share of government expenditure in the countries listed in the above table. Governments spend money on social security, health services, infrastructure such as roads, bridges etc, and transfer payments such as unemployment benefits and pensions.The disparity within the table is partially a reflection of the strength of the taxation system (without a strong tax system the government will lack the revenue to cover expenditure on the areas noted above); the need for government to replace private investment expenditure and the position of the government within the economy, that is a â€Å"planned† versus a â€Å"free† economy. In the case of Australia, although it is classified as a mixed economy the relatively high level of government expenditure is accounted for by the strong taxation system and broad base of social security payments.Conceptual Questions: Question 4: What are economic resources? Give some examples of each type of economic resource. Economic resources are also termed â€Å"Factors of Production† and can be divided into Physical and Human Resources that can then be broken down further into:  ¦  ¦  ¦ Land: forests, arable land, minerals and water Labour: physical and mental labour Capital; physical capital such as factories, machinery and infrastructure. Remember MONEY is NOT an economic resource as it does not produce anything.Entrepreneurship: the ability to put the various other resources together in an innovate manner- also a risk bearer  ¦ One of the most important points to remember is that all economic resources are scarce and therefore we need to make choices. Analytical Questions: Question 3: Graph the data in the table. Are there constant or increasing opportunity costs for the production of missiles? There are increasing opportunity costs in the production of missiles because the production of cars falls at a higher rate as larger quantities of missiles are produced. ECON 7002: Semester 1 2012 Tutorial Topic 1 40? Guided? Missiles? (thousands)? 35? 30? 25? 20? 15? 10? 5? 0? 0? 2? 4? 6? Cars? (millions)? P1? P2? P3? 8? 10? 12? Question 7: Suppose improvement occurs in the technology of producing guided missiles but not in producing cars. (a) Draw the new production possibilities curve on the diagram that you created in answering question 3. P1 is the original PPC and P2 represents an improvement in the technology of producing guided missiles but not in the production of cars.The production possibilities curve therefore rotates clockwise with the maximum possible production of cars (8 million) unchanged and an increase in the maximum possible number of missiles produced. (b) Now draw a curve that reflects technological improvement in the production of both products. P3 represents an improvement in the technology of producing both cars and guided missiles and therefore an increase in the possible production of both. Discussion Questions: Question 3: Comment on the following statement from a ewspaper: ‘Our secondary school serves a splendid hot meal for a dollar without costing the taxpayers anything, thanks in part to a government subsidy. ’ All government subsidies are ultimately borne by taxpayers. The cost will either result in an increase in taxes to pay for the subsidy or some other government expenditure must be forgone, or the government will spend newly created money, which will be inflationary and thus be paid for by taxpayers through higher prices for other goods and services. Thus, this statement is incorrect. 2

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay - 2333 Words

This paper will compare and contrast the various interpretations of four separate authors in respect to ethics and social responsibility as they apply to business. The four articles to be reviewed are; â€Å"The Social Responsibilities of Business is to Increase its Profits† by Milton Friedman, â€Å"The Relevance of Responsibility to Ethical Business Decisions† by Patrick E. Murphy, â€Å"What is ‘business ethics’† by Peter F. Drucker and â€Å"To Be Ethical Not To Be: An International Code of Ethics for Leadership† by Ala’ Alahmad. Each of these articles represents the author’s interpretations on the interplay between â€Å"business ethics† and â€Å"social responsibility† supported by both external and personal research. Although none of the authors represent†¦show more content†¦Social responsibility can be defined as the obligation held by both individuals and corporations to act in a way that benef its society at large. It is the behavior that addresses the trade-off between the economy and ecology and therefore attempts to reach equilibrium between the two. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a relatively new concept which imposes strategies designed to create positive impact on society while maintaining profitable business practices. Since every business holds different economic and sociologic objectives, there really are no clear-cut CSR directives; however the main motive of CSR is shared among all businesses. In Ala’ Alahmad’s article, he makes the assertion that although there is no accepted international code of ethics, the following values should be held by all leaders: â€Å"honesty, tell the truth no matter what, respect, punctuality, not judgmental, just, humble and dignity†. He also states that ethics are â€Å"a person’s concept of right and wrong†. Note that he does not state it is a corporate or company’s concept of right or wrong. He holds to the concept that ethics are entirely a product and parcel of the individual. To further supplement this argument he states that â€Å"ethical leadership is the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and promotion of such conduct among followers through two-way communication,Show MoreRelatedSocial Responsibility And Business Ethics Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesrole of social responsibility in business organizations and societ y. This paper will compare similarities and differences between Cohen’s perspective on social responsibility to the social responsibility and business ethics theories of Drucker and Milton Friedman. Furthermore, this paper will provide a frame of reference on corporate social responsibility and business ethics presented in other research. Social Responsibility Defined Cohen, 2009 wrote in his article that Drucker defined social responsibilityRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Social Responsibility1167 Words   |  5 PagesCOMPARITIVE BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Essay on Ethics and corporate Social Responsibilities SUBMITTED BY: Karuna Shrestha SID# TIA2346 SUBMITTED TO: Understanding Ethics and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibilities) Corporate social responsibility is no more characterized by the amount of cash an organization adds to charities, yet by its general inclusion in exercises that enhance the nature of individuals lives. Corporate Responsibility has come up as a huge topic in theRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Social Responsibility1828 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Businesses nowadays hold a lot of responsibility when developing and selling products/service ethically. Business ethics is the discussion that many scholars are talking about in securing a business’s reputation and success. 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They should not engageRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Moral And Social Responsibility1750 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness ethics are moral and social responsibility that a business is supposed to have towards the community in general. Many companies are concerned about their social responsibility, particularly to the environment and their employees. Our values and morals are our personal guidelines that help us make decisions about what is right and what is wrong. Most companies have policies and procedures it is important for managers and employees to have guidelines to follow in the workplace. I think weRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibilit y1502 Words   |  7 Pages Nowadays, a business wants to exist and grow in a society, which business ethics and corporate social responsibility are sensitive and crucial objectives, the business should do what is right. Many people agree that business does not exist beyond society, it is a citizenship in the society. 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